Demo Chapter

The final classification showed a clear concentration of measures in the High and Medium applicability categories, indicating that a substantial share of the technologies reviewed are not only technically valid, but also broadly appropriate for primary health care facilities in low- and middle-income country contexts.

The measures that emerged as more relevant were generally those with clear functional value, reasonable cost– value fit, and manageable implementation and maintenance demands. This means that the strongest priorities were often not the most advanced technologies, but the ones most likely to deliver direct and realistic benefits in routine PHC conditions.

Many of the more relevant measures were those that could be applied through retrofit or adaptation of existing facilities, or in both retrofit and new construction contexts. This is particularly important in LMIC settings, where PHC infrastructure is often older, physically constrained, and more likely to be upgraded incrementally than replaced through new construction.

Across the review, the most consistent thematic priorities were measures that protect the minimum conditions required for PHC facilities to remain safe and functional. These included building and site protection, thermal safety, energy continuity, water supply, sanitation, and wastewater safety. Taken together, the results suggest that the most valuable infrastructure strategies for PHC are those that are practical, robust, and adaptable, and that help facilities continue operating during climate-related stress or disruption.